The short answer to when it is safe is when there is no longer community transmission of COVID-19. Some countries have achieved this before vaccination – in island nations like New Zealand, but also in Wuhan where the virus originated. The UK’s response is to roll out the vaccine as soon as possible and to reduce transmission through lockdowns/tiers in the meantime. The pace of vaccination to date has been encouraging.

Who are the most vulnerable?

Age is by far the biggest risk factor of COVID-19 and by starting with the most vulnerable, we should start to see results soon in terms of falling mortality. However, there are still some unknowns. Although it seems likely it is not yet known for sure whether vaccinated people will still be able to spread the virus. If COVID-19 remains prevalent within the community, then those unvaccinated will remain at risk – albeit a greatly reduced risk than the most vulnerable priority groups. One concern of the new and increasingly dominant strain is just how contagious it is, which may make it difficult to reduce the R number even within lockdown. Early evidence does however suggest that lockdown is working.

Our vaccine priority groups have big implications for the workforce. Key COVID-19 risk factors such as age and disability are associated with low rates of employment. There is therefore little overlap between those most likely to be vaccinated first and the working population. We, therefore, need to think very carefully about when we go back to work. At present the Government expects most adults in the UK to be offered the vaccination by September.

Other countries approaches

Interestingly in some countries, notably Indonesia, they are vaccinating the working population first, the logic being that they are the most mobile. Time will tell whether this strategy is successful. In the UK the vaccine priority groups have been broadly accepted as the most appropriate approach.

Of course, some people have no choice but to go back to work and have been working throughout the pandemic. By working from home for those of us who can, we are all helping to reduce community transmission, and with our service-based economy, a larger proportion of jobs in the UK can be done from home relative to other countries. Research from the University of Chicago broke down jobs into the tasks and to quantify how many jobs can be done from home. About 45% in the UK.

What happens now?

The political pressure to re-open will be intense. How do we know this? Because it happened once before. The Government launched an ill-fated PR campaign to get everyone back into the office (or risk losing your job), only to reverse this policy three weeks later.

When the offices last reopened, we came up with three key tests which are worth revisiting.

• Is it essential?
• Is it sufficiently safe?
• Is it mutually agreed?

Many of us are a few short weeks away from entering our second year of homeworking. The technology has been invested in and the ways of working adjusted. When will it be safe to go back? A little longer yet.